This week in county government; State budget includes money to address HAB; Supervisors to discuss sports complex, consider CUP for event venue; Planners to consider short-term rental regs and more
Engage Louisa is a community newsletter aimed at keeping folks informed about Louisa County government. It’s free, non-partisan, and powered by volunteers. We believe our community is stronger and our government serves us better when we increase transparency, accessibility, and engagement.
This week in county government: public meetings, June 6 through June 11
Monday, June 6
Louisa County Board of Supervisors, Public Meeting Room, Louisa County Office Building, 1 Woolfolk Ave., Louisa, 6 pm. The board will convene in closed session at 5 pm. (agenda packet, livestream)
The board’s agenda includes one public hearing and several action and discussion items. See below for more information.
Tuesday, June 7
Louisa County School Board, Central Office Administration Building, 953 Davis Highway, Mineral, 7 pm. (agenda)
Wednesday, June 8
James River Water Authority, Fluvanna County Public Library, 214 Commons Blvd., Palmyra, 9 am. (agenda packet)
Louisa County Water Authority, Public Meeting Room, Louisa County Office Building, 1 Woolfolk Ave., 6 pm. (public notice)
Thursday, June 9
Louisa County Planning Commission, work session, Public Meeting Room, Louisa County Office Building, 1 Woolfolk Ave., Louisa, 6 pm. (agenda packet, livestream)
Louisa County Planning Commission, Public Meeting Room, Louisa County Office Building, 1 Woolfolk Ave., Louisa, 7 pm. (agenda packet, livestream)
In a carryover from their May meeting, planners will continue to consider whether to recommend to the Board of Supervisors approval of regulations on short-term rentals. In addition, the commission will hold two public hearings. See below for more information.
Additional information about Louisa County’s upcoming public meetings is available here.
Interested in taking your talents to one of the county’s numerous boards and commissions? Find out more here, including which boards have vacancies and how to apply.
State budget includes funding to address Harmful Algal Blooms at Lake Anna
The General Assembly passed a biennial state budget last week that includes funding for one of the Louisa County Board of Supervisors’ top legislative priorities.
The spending plan, which covers the next two fiscal years, allots $1 million to the Department of Conservation and Recreation to study Harmful Algal Blooms at Lake Anna. Harmful Algal Blooms are a growing problem at the lake, particularly in its western branches. The blooms, comprised of toxin-producing cyanobacteria that can be detrimental to human health, prompted the Virginia Department of Health to issue “no swim” advisories for parts of the lake during the last four summers and shut down swimming at Lake Anna State Park’s main beach in August of 2019.
At the urging of the Board of Supervisors, state Senator Mark Peake (R-SD22) carried legislation last session that sought funding for the Department of Environmental Quality and the Department of Health, in conjunction with an institution of higher learning, to formulate an HAB mitigation plan for the lake. The Senate Finance and Appropriations Committee didn’t advance Peake’s bill instead opting to include in its budget $3.5 million to study HAB in the Shenandoah River and at Lake Anna, with $1 million specifically allocated for the lake.
Negotiators from the Republican-controlled House of Delegates and Democratic-controlled Senate brokered a compromise budget over the last several months that includes the Senate amendment. Approved by legislators last Wednesday, the budget still requires the signature of Governor Glenn Youngkin.
Board of Supervisors Chair Duane Adams (Mineral), whose district includes much of the lake, said in a written statement that state agencies would use the money to develop and implement a Lake Anna-specific HAB mitigation plan, calling that “a good start to begin the process of ensuring the enjoyment of Lake Anna for our residents and visitors alike.”
“The water quality of Lake Anna is important to our region in general but particularly important to Louisa County. The economic impact of Lake Anna is vital to many local businesses and to the financial stability of our local government. I am grateful for Senator Mark Peake and Senator Bryce Reeves joining the Louisa County Board of Supervisors in fighting for this funding. Their leadership along with many local organizations has been crucial in receiving this state funding,” Adams said.
Supervisors and other county officials have worked closely with state legislators to sound the alarm about HAB. They discussed securing state funds to address the problem in a work session with legislators last October and included the issue among their annual list of legislative priorities for the last several years. During the 2021 General Assembly session, Peake passed a language-only amendment to the budget that directed DEQ to convene a workgroup to study HAB across the state and issue an report on its findings. Peake said the report was a good first step to draw attention to the issue in Richmond.
The workgroup released a draft report in September concluding that HAB is a growing problem in freshwater lakes and rivers and pointing to excess phosphorus and nitrogen in warm water as potential causal factors in the blooms’ growth. The report said that neither DEQ, which conducts HAB testing in cooperation with the state’s HAB Taskforce, nor the Virginia Department of Health, which issues HAB advisories, have the resources necessary to adequately monitor, test, and respond to freshwater blooms.
The Lake Anna Advisory Commission and the Lake Anna Civic Association have both played key roles in local efforts to monitor and address HAB. LAAC conducted its own HAB study showing that phosphorus is a major contributor to the blooms with much of the nutrient coming from surrounding development and agricultural areas, according to The Central Virginian. LACA conducts HAB monitoring and testing in cooperation with state agencies and encouraged its members to contact legislators about securing state funding for an HAB mitigation plan. The organization is currently raising money for its “"Kick the HAB" pilot program, which seeks to test Harmful Algal Bloom mitigation strategies at the lake.
Currently, there aren’t any HAB advisories in place at Lake Anna as the high season gets underway. DEQ conducted its first test of the year on May 10 with its second test scheduled for early June. HAB typically becomes a problem as the weather warms.
More on the state budget: Two of the three men who represent Louisa County in Richmond supported the bipartisan state budget last week and one opposed the deal. Senator Mark Peake (R-22) and Delegate John McGuire (R-56) voted in favor while Senator Bryce Reeves, who’s currently running for the Republican nomination in the 7th Congressional District, opposed. The budget bill passed the House of Delegates 88-7 and cleared the Senate 32-4. Youngkin has seven days from the day the budget is formally presented to him to amend, sign, or veto the spending plan. Read more about what’s in the budget here and here.
In busy meeting, supervisors to consider CUP for special event venue, discuss sports complex and more
The Louisa County Board of Supervisors will convene for a busy meeting Monday night with one public hearing on the agenda and several discussion and action items. Check out the agenda highlights below.
Public hearing on CUP for special event venue: Supervisors will hold a public hearing and consider whether to approve Larry G. Han and Jianjun Tang’s request for a Conditional Use Permit to operate a special occasion facility and cottages on a 225.4-acre farm zoned agricultural (A-2). The property, comprised of a 215.4-acre and 10-acre parcel (tax map parcels 53-116, 53-117), is located at 1658 Evergreen Road in the Patrick Henry Voting District. Han and Tang own the parcels via Evergreen Farm at Rocky Creek LLC.
According to their land use application, Han and Tang plan to operate a special event venue that hosts weddings, bridal showers, reunions, parties, and other events while maintaining much of the land as a working farm. The property includes a farmhouse with a basement that the owners intend to temporarily use as lodging for visitors who wish to stay on property during their event. The basement offers a large dressing room to accommodate guests preparing for weddings and other special occasions. Han and Tang plan to build cottages for lodging in the future.
The applicants envision the farm as both an indoor and outdoor event venue. It’s already home to a 2,000-square foot barn for indoor gatherings and an expansive lawn and patio for outdoor events. Han and Tang note in their application that they plan to build a pavilion adjacent to the barn.
The applicants estimate that the venue will host three to four events per month with none exceeding 300 guests. They plan to supply a trailer, that won’t rely on a septic system, as a restroom facility. Events involving food require catering and no food preparation or dishwashing will take place on site.
In accord with Virginia Department of Transportation recommendations, Han and Tang plan to widen and pave the entrance to the venue off Evergreen Road. They also plan to plant an evergreen buffer at the front of the property. The applicants note that the home and barn sit some 1,000 feet from the road with adjacent fields and forests acting as natural buffers.
Han and Tang are applying for a special exception to allow a grass parking area to serve the venue. Louisa County land development regulations require gravel, stone, asphalt, or concrete for off-street parking areas. The special exception is subject to Board of Supervisors approval.
Louisa County planning staff recommend approval of the CUP with 15 conditions, agreed to by the applicant. The conditions cap event attendance at 300 people, limit event hours to between 8 am and 10 pm, require that music at events comply with the county’s noise ordinance, mandate the use of dark-sky compliant lighting, and compel the owners to comply with any short-term rental rules adopted by the county, among other provisions. Any event expected to exceed 100 people requires at least one sheriff’s deputy on site for traffic control.
Following a public hearing at its May 12 meeting, the Planning Commission voted unanimously to recommend that supervisors approve the CUP with several tweaks to the conditions presented by staff. Planners added the 15th condition, which revokes a CUP issued for the property in 2011. That permit green-lighted the operation of a nature camp for children. Han and Tang didn’t own the property at the time.
In response to some planners’ concerns and following a meeting with the applicant, staff revised a proposed condition regulating on-property lodging. The recommended condition states, in part, that the cottages should be “grouped together in one area of the parcel” and subdividing the property will not be permitted while the cottages exist on the property. The recommended condition also limits the number of cottages to six, down from the 12 cottages originally proposed by applicant.
Staff also recommends approval of the special exception, noting that a grass parking area would “help to maintain the rural character and beautify Louisa County by reducing the amount of unattractive gravel parking lots.”
Supervisors to discuss bond referendum for athletic fields, field house: Supervisors will discuss moving forward with a referendum that would seek voters’ permission to issue up to $16.5 million in bonds to finance construction of a multi-field athletics complex and upgrades to other county-owned sports facilities. The board faces an August 18 deadline to place a referendum on the ballot for the November 8 general election.
Supervisors discussed building a sports complex during the FY23 budget process and floated the possibility of issuing a bond to pay for the project. Under Virginia law, counties must secure voters’ approval before issuing most general obligation bonds. A draft request for a Writ of Special Election to Louisa County Circuit Court provides a fuller picture of what the bond would pay for and proposes language for the ballot question that could be presented to county voters.
According to the draft prepared by County Attorney Helen Phillips and included in the board’s agenda packet, the board would seek a green light from voters to issue a maximum $16.5 million in bonds to fund the construction of up to four baseball fields, four rectangular fields for other sports, concessions, lighting, parking and related facilities, a field house at Louisa County High School’s football field, and renovations of existing sports facilities.
As currently proposed, the ballot question would read:
“Shall the Louisa County Board of Supervisors be empowered to assume debt in the form of a bond issuance not to exceed $16,500,000.00 to fund athletic facilities to include up to 4 baseball fields, 4 rectangular fields for other sports, concessions, lighting, parking and related facilities, a field house at the Louisa County High School football field, and renovations of existing sports facilities pursuant to the Virginia Code §§ 15.2-2600 et seq., 1950 as amended?”
[] Yes[] No
If the board opts to move forward with the referendum, Phillips would be tasked with crafting a neutral statement explaining the ballot question. The statement can’t advocate for or against the referendum’s adoption. It’s limited to no more than 500 words and must be written in “plain English.” Louisa County would pay to print the explainer and provide copies to voters.
Patrick Henry District Supervisor Fitzgerald Barnes has led the charge for upgraded county-owned recreation facilities, contending that the area lacks adequate fields for youth sports. Beyond providing fields for local kids, Barnes and Parks and Recreation Director James Smith have suggested that a sports complex with turf fields could draw out of county visitors to tournaments and other events.
For that reason, county officials said they’d like to build the complex near Zion Crossroads where its easily accessible off Interstate 64 and close to a hotel and restaurants. In March, the board formed a committee to explore potential sites for the park. Only one location under consideration has been publicly disclosed: 190 acres of county-owned land off Route 15 just north of Zion. That option, located in the Green Springs National Historic Landmark District and home to ultra-deep wells that provide water to the area, has sparked pushback from some residents in the historic district.
A field house adjacent to Louisa County High School’s football stadium and upgrades to other sports facilities are new additions to the proposal that haven’t been publicly discussed at recent board meetings. The Louisa County Education Foundation has led fundraising efforts to build a field house at the high school, but the facility has yet to come to fruition.
Supervisors to consider resolution opposing potential library name change: In response to a request from descendants of enslaved laborers that the Jefferson-Madison Regional Library change its name, supervisors will consider a resolution Monday night formally opposing a name change.
At the library’s May 23 Board of Trustees meeting, Myra Anderson, director of the Charlottesville-based Reclaimed Roots Descendants Alliance, told trustees that removing the surnames of slaveholders Thomas Jefferson and James Madison is long overdue and urged the board to adopt a new name. Trustees agreed to discuss a name change at their June 27 meeting.
Louisa County Board of Supervisors Chair Duane Adams responded to the descendant alliance's request in a May 24 Facebook post, accusing the group of “attempting to erase our history” and threatening to defund the library if its board moves forward with a name change. Louisa is home to one of JMRL’s eight branches, which span four counties and the City of Charlottesville. Supervisors appropriated nearly $392,000 to the library during the FY23 budget process.
The resolution under consideration Monday night doesn’t seek to defund the library, only register supervisors’ opposition to a potential name change. It briefly recounts the library’s history, noting that JMRL’s website highlights the “rich heritage” that central Virginia’s public libraries derive “from the private libraries of leading forefathers - Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe.” The resolution states that the library established its first branch a century ago and adopted its current name in 1972, the same year that Louisa County joined the regional system.
Two other regional organizations in which Louisa County participates have already opted to drop Jefferson from their name. In 2020, the Thomas Jefferson Health District changed its name to the Blue Ridge Health District, stating in a press release that the change “reflects the district’s commitment to ensuring that public health services are inclusive and welcoming to all of the communities served.” In 2019, the Jefferson Area Children’s Health Improvement Program changed its name to the Child Health Partnership to “more clearly convey our focus on child health,” according to the group’s website. Supervisors didn’t formally oppose either name change.
Board to hear update on Firefly fiber project, consider approval of funding agreement: Representatives from Firefly Fiber Broadband will update the board on the company’s efforts to deliver universal high-speed internet access to Louisa County by 2025.
In addition to the update, the board will consider a resolution authorizing an agreement between the county, Firefly, and the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission regarding state grant funding awarded to the company’s Regional Internet Service Expansion Project (RISE). A partnership between county governments, major electric providers including Dominion Energy and Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, and the TJPDC, RISE is the major vehicle Firefly will use to connect the county. It aims to deliver broadband access to some 36,000 homes and businesses across 13 central Virginia localities.
In December, the Virginia Telecommunications Initiative awarded $79 million in state grant funding for the RISE project. Firefly representatives told the board at its March 21 meeting that Louisa’s portion of RISE is expected to cost about $70 million with nearly $22.4 million of that coming from VATI funds. The company said the project would require 1,100 miles of fiber and provide broadband access to more than 11,000 homes and businesses in Louisa County alone.
The agreement up for approval Monday night lays out each party’s obligation under the VATI program’s guidelines and reaffirms the county’s commitment to universal fiber access. The agreement obligates the county to contribute nearly $9 million in matching funds for the project. The board approved that figure late last year and included a nearly $3 million first installment in its FY23 Capital Improvement Plan. The agreement further delineates Firefly’s role as the internet service provider and TJPDC’s role as grant administrator.
Firefly representatives last updated supervisors on the company’s multifaceted effort to deliver county-wide fiber access at the board’s March 21 meeting. Check out that update here.
Other business:
Changes to Fire/EMS volunteer incentive plan: In February, supervisors revamped an incentive plan for Fire and EMS volunteers aimed at increasing recruitment and retention. A resolution under consideration Monday night would slightly alter that plan, decreasing from 12 hours to eight hours the amount of time a duty crew must be assigned prior to a shift. The Management and Oversight Group, a combination of local officials and FEMS volunteers that serve as an advisory body for emergency service-related matters, requested the change based on data suggesting that duty crew signups would increase from 43 percent to 63 percent if signup times are decreased.
Children’s Services Act supplemental appropriation: The board will consider approval of a supplemental appropriation to meet the county’s obligations under the Children’s Services Act. The 1993 law established a single state pool of funds to purchase services for at-risk youth and their families. The state funds, combined with local funds, are managed by the Community Policy Management Team who plan and oversee services to youth. The CSA caseload requiring contractual services exceeds budgeted expectations for FY22 by $75,000, according to the resolution under consideration. To cover the overrun, $42,000 would be drawn from state funds while $33,000 would come from the county’s general fund.
Discussion on “waiving of landfill tipping fees:” The board’s agenda includes a discussion about “waiving landfill tipping fees.” The agenda packet doesn’t include any additional information about the topic.
Quarterly updates: The Louisa County Water Authority and the Virginia Department of Transportation will present their quarterly updates to the board. The agenda packet doesn’t include any additional information about the updates.
Planners to consider short-term rental regulations, community development fees
At Thursday night’s meeting, the Louisa County Planning Commission will first address business left unfinished from last month, considering whether to recommend to the Board of Supervisors approval of a draft ordinance regulating short-term rentals. Beyond that, the commission will hold two public hearings. In the first, they’ll consider whether to recommend renewal of the Mountain Road Agricultural and Forestal District. In the second, they’ll consider whether to recommend that the Board of Supervisors approve hikes in fees levied by the Community Development Department
Prior to their regular meeting, the commission will hold a 6 pm work session to discuss the proposed short-term rental ordinance and the amended fee schedule.
Considering controversial new rules for short-term rentals: After a marathon meeting in May that drew dozens of community members concerned about proposed regulations on short-term rentals, the Planning Commission will convene its monthly meeting Thursday night with STR regulations again the marquee item on its agenda. Commissioners won’t hold a formal public hearing on the matter—planners heard public comment for more than an hour last month before tabling the issue—but they will continue their discussion on whether to recommend that the Board of Supervisors adopt an ordinance that would codify rules for STRs.
Some Lake Anna residents complained to the Board of Supervisors earlier this year that STRs are essentially businesses operating in residential areas and their proliferation is detrimental to the character of lake communities. They said that overcrowded STRs are a threat to public safety and the health of the lake, citing concerns about failing septic systems and fire safety.
In response, the board formed a committee, including Mineral District Supervisor Duane Adams and Cuckoo District Supervisor Willie Gentry, to study how best to address STRs, a lodging option typically offered on platforms like Airbnb and not explicitly addressed in county code. According to Deputy County Administrator Chris Coon, in March 2022, 380 STRs were available for rent in Louisa County, per an online survey. Many, but not all, were located around the lake.
Gentry and Adams, whose districts include most of the lake, met with stakeholders, including Lake Anna residents and representatives of the business community, while crafting a draft STR ordinance. The proposal has been revised since it was first made public in late March.
In its latest version, the proposed ordinance defines a short-term rental as the “rental of a dwelling for periods of 30 days or less” and classifies it as a commercial use that’s permitted by-right in most zoning designations and via Conditional Use Permit in commercial and industrial designations.
To track STRs, the proposed ordinance establishes a county-wide short-term rental registry, requiring STR operators to annually register their property and pay a $50 fee. The proposed regulations also require that STR owners are current on payments for all associated taxes and fees, such as the county’s transient occupancy tax, before registering a property.
The draft rules stipulate that STR operators, before offering their property for rent, provide the county with a property management plan that includes a point of contact to “respond to complaints, clean up garbage, manage unruly tenants and utility issues, etc.” The owner is also required to provide the contact information to the subdivision’s governing body if one exists.
In addition, STR operators must provide to the county the dwelling’s most recent septic system inspection, which should be performed by an accredited septic system inspector at least every 24 months, and a copy of the dwelling’s permit from the Virginia Department of Health. Properties connected to public water and sewer are exempted from the septic system provisions but owners must provide a copy of the dwelling’s certificate of occupancy. Rental contracts for STRs are required to include Louisa County’s noise and solid waste ordinances, among other county rules.
The draft regulations limit occupancy to two visitors per bedroom, provide that guests park in driveways or designated parking spaces, and mandate that safety equipment is provided and maintained in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code. Inspections by Louisa County employees should be allowed with 48-hour notice. The draft rules also bar homeowners from renting STRs for special events unless they have a Conditional Use Permit.
STR operators who fail to register their property or otherwise violate the ordinance would be subject to a maximum $500 fine per violation and could be barred from offering their property as an STR until fines and/or the registry fee is paid. STR operators may be prohibited from offering a specific property for short-term rental after multiple violations.
At their May meeting, commissioners listened to over an hour of public comment from year-round lake residents, business owners, and STR operators who own property on the lake but don’t reside in the county. They argued both for and against the regulations.
Marie Snyder, who lives in Louisa County and operates a business that provides linens to STRs and other residences, said adopting the rules would “bankrupt” her and hurt Louisa’s economy, noting that she employs four people during the off-season and 20-25 in the summer when most people visit the lake. She took issue with the occupancy limit, telling the commission that one client emailed her and complained that the limit would “cause him to lose 95 percent of his rentals and force him to sell his dream home.”
Tracy Hale Clark, speaking on behalf of the Louisa County Chamber of Commerce, urged county officials to slow down and take time to study the impact of STRs on the local economy and how best to address them.
“We believe that it would be in every stakeholder’s best interest to dedicate time and effort to evaluate this matter further. We started in February. It’s only May. We’ve had one conversation that the chamber and other stakeholders were at the table to discuss (STRs). In other communities, this has gone on for years,” Clark said, suggesting that the county establish a longterm workgroup to gather data and “better understand the problem.”
Other speakers were eager to adopt the ordinance, arguing that they know the problems with STRs all too well because they see them in their community. Susan O’Neil, a Mineral District resident, told the commission that she and her husband had hoped to spend their last years living peacefully on Lake Anna but unruly STR occupants are making that difficult.
“We’ve had short-term renters set our woods on fire and shoot fireworks on the top of houses. We’ve had to invest money on speed limit signs (in our subdivision), but they don’t do any good,” she said.
After closing the public hearing, planners briefly discussed the proposed ordinance and thanked the speakers. Cuckoo District Commissioner George Goodwin reflected on what he'd heard, noting that a community member had emailed the commission and shared a relevant observation.
“Someone stated that if you put these restrictions in place, you will turn the lake against itself. I think tonight shows that there’s a pretty substantial element of the lake being turned against itself,” Goodwin said.
Chair John Disosway (Mineral) said that he was reluctant to make a quick decision on the draft ordinance, prompting the commission to table the issue until Thursday’s meeting. Disosway appointed himself and Mountain Road District Commissioner Gordon Brooks to a committee that met with Supervisors Adams and Gentry to take a deeper dive into the proposal.
Public hearing on proposed changes to Community Development Department fees: The commission will consider amendments to a fee schedule that determines what residents and businesses pay for a variety of building, planning, and zoning services handled by the Community Development Department. The county uses the fees to defray the costs of those services.
According to a memo from Community Development Director Josh Gillespie, the department’s workload has dramatically increased over the last several years, causing strain on staff and necessitating an increase in some fees. Gillespie’s memo notes that the “proposed amendments increase items that no longer cover the cost of the service being provided.”
The proposed amendments increase fees for residential building inspections for new construction and remodeling, underground storage tanks, site plan reviews, rezoning applications, other residential and commercial services, and telecommunication structures, among others. The fee increases range from eight percent to 329 percent. Only one fee is removed: a $100 charge on applications to place land in an agricultural and forestal district. The Board of Supervisors approved that change earlier this year.
The Community Development Department currently employs 14 full-time staffers and one part-time worker, up from 12 full-time and three part-time staffers in 2018, according to Gillespie’s memo. The department anticipates hiring an additional building inspector.
Gillespie offered some statistics to illustrate the county’s continued growth and his department’s escalating workload. In 2018, the department handled 950 planning and zoning permits, 856 building plan reviews, 287 single-family home permits, and 5,967 building inspections. In 2021, the department handled 1430 planning and zoning permits, a 51 percent increase, 1390 building plan reviews, a 62 percent increase, 513 single-family home permits, a 79 percent increase, and 14,289 building inspections, a 139 percent increase.
Public hearing on renewal of Mountain Road Ag/Forestal District: Planners will hold a public hearing and consider its recommendation on renewal of the Mountain Road Agricultural and Forestal District. The district, established in 1992, currently encompasses about 2,047 acres around Rolling Path and Harts Mill Roads in southeastern Louisa County.
Louis Kean LLC and Kenneth Lancaster, Trustee requested the removal 314 acres and 257 acres respectively. If renewed, the district would cover roughly 1,476 acres. The Ag, Forestal and Rural Preservation Committee recommended renewing the district at its April meeting.
AFDs are a conservation tool that allow landowners engaged in farming and forestry to voluntary prohibit development on their property. The districts require review and renewal by the Board of Supervisors every 10 years.
Click here for contact information for the Louisa County Board of Supervisors.
Find agendas and minutes from previous Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission meetings as well as archived recordings here.
Click here for contact information for the Louisa County School Board.
Click here for minutes and agendas for School Board meetings.
Click here to access past editions of Engage Louisa.